Australia’s long-running debate over immigration, multiculturalism and national identity has intensified, with political arguments increasingly spilling into public demonstrations and student activism.

The latest developments follow renewed support for One Nation and its leader Pauline Hanson, who has called for Australia to move towards a more “monocultural” society and criticised high levels of migration. The position has triggered strong opposition from political leaders, community groups and young Australians.

On Thursday, 13 August, thousands of students and supporters took part in demonstrations across Australia under the banner “Students Say No to Hanson”. Protests were reported in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and several regional centres.

In Sydney, more than 1,000 people gathered at Town Hall before marching through the CBD. Adelaide saw one of the largest reported demonstrations, with more than 2,000 students from around 40 schools and colleges gathering outside Parliament House. Hundreds also participated in Melbourne and Brisbane.

The protests focused on immigration, multiculturalism and the treatment of migrants and international students. Organisers argued that migrants and overseas students should not be blamed for broader problems such as housing affordability, living costs and pressure on public services.

The demonstrations coincided with renewed political debate about the future of multiculturalism. Foreign Affairs Minister Penny Wong has defended Australia’s multicultural model, arguing that the country’s diverse communities contribute to its international connections, economic opportunities and social resilience.

The issue has also become increasingly significant politically. One Nation recorded strong support in recent polling, placing pressure on the major parties to respond to concerns surrounding immigration, housing and national identity while addressing opposition to policies seen as divisive.

The current protests also have a historical connection. Hanson’s emergence as a political force in the late 1990s prompted student demonstrations at the time, making the latest protests a striking reminder that debates over race, migration and identity have remained part of Australian politics for decades.

With another student act

ion reportedly planned for September, the debate over what Australia’s future should look like is likely to remain prominent.