Qantas is facing the possibility of major disruption to international flights after its long-haul pilots voted overwhelmingly in favour of industrial action, escalating a two-year dispute over pay and working conditions.

Around 1,700 Qantas international pilots took part in a protected action ballot overseen by the Fair Work Commission, with between 76 and 88 per cent voting in favour of each proposed action. The measures include work bans, delays to certain duties, and potential strikes lasting up to 24 hours.

The Australian and International Pilots Association says the result reflects growing frustration among pilots, but the union has stressed that it remains committed to reaching an agreement before any action affects passengers. AIPA president Captain Andrew Marshall said pilots do not take industrial action lightly, noting that similar action by long-haul pilots has been rare in the airline’s history.

The dispute follows two years of unsuccessful negotiations between Qantas and pilot representatives over a new enterprise agreement covering crews operating the airline’s international fleet, including Airbus A330s, A380s and Boeing 787 aircraft.

Tensions increased earlier this year after pilots rejected a proposed agreement that included a 25 per cent pay increase over four years. While Qantas supported the offer, many pilots raised concerns about working conditions, rostering arrangements and changes affecting benefits on future aircraft.

Pilots say their current demands are focused not only on wages but also on improving work-life balance. Key requests include guaranteed rest periods, greater notice for late-night callouts and an annual pay increase slightly above the three per cent offered by Qantas.

The airline has responded by seeking assistance from the Fair Work Commission, saying it remains committed to reaching a resolution and avoiding disruption to customers.

The timing of the dispute comes as Qantas prepares for major international expansion plans, including its upcoming Project Sunrise program, which will introduce ultra-long-haul flights connecting Australia with destinations such as London and New York.

While the pilots now have approval to begin protected industrial action, union leaders say negotiations will continue. Any strikes would require advance notice, giving Qantas and the unions another opportunity to reach a deal before passengers experience possible delays or cancellations.

The outcome of the negotiations could have significant implications for Qantas, its international operations and thousands of travellers relying on the airline’s long-haul services.